EXPLORING FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LOWER FEMALE LITERACY IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

Pakistan faces a daunting challenge in terms of female literacy, which remains low despite the country's efforts to promote education. The issue has several factors, including socioeconomic and religious concerns that continue to impede the progress of women education. Pakistani culture tends to view educating girls as a financial loss since parents expect them to marry and leave their families. Moreover, fathers are more inclined to educate their sons, leading to a gender gap in literacy. Consequently, the country has an alarmingly low literacy rate among women, which has significant consequences for social and economic development. Educated women are more aware of their rights and can participate in the economy and the political process, leading to brighter prospects for future generations.Studies have shown that parental education is a powerful contributor to their children's education. Educated parents give importance to their daughters as well as their educational sketch. Additionally, the age at marriage, cultural norms, domestic violence, decision-making, poor security, and family economic conditions all contribute to the lower rate of female literacy. Increase in population is also a major cause of women illiteracy in the country. With limited finances, a family with many children may prefer to educate the boys while giving the girls stitching skills. Many females remain at home, performing domestic work, and taking care of all the family members.To promote socioeconomic development and equality, significant measures must be undertaken to address the issue of female literacy in Pakistan. Advocating for equal education opportunities for both males and females, improving security, and combating gender discrimination that is rooted in culture, can go a long way in achieving gender equality. Government should also offer scholarships and funds to help poor and deserving students, especially girls. Moreover, different stakeholders might raise awareness among the people about the importance of female’s education. It is imperative to understand that educating women is key to national development, and inadequate education of women will inevitably harm the country's growth and prosperity